

Position paper
Perspectives on the handling of spent nuclear fuel in Russia
www.bellona.org
bellona.org

Is Spent Nuclear Fuel a Waste or a Resource?
A new report argues that the world has plenty of uranium but needs to make wise choices about what to do with it once its been depleted in a nuclear reactor
By David Biello | September 18, 2010
www.scientificamerican.com
www.scientificamerican.com

Radioactive Waste Management
(Updated April 2011)
• Nuclear power is the only large-scale energy-producing technology which takes full responsibility for all its wastes and fully costs this into the product.
• The amount of radioactive wastes is very small relative to wastes produced by fossil fuel electricity generation.
• Used nuclear fuel may be treated as a resource or simply as a waste.
• Safe methods for the final disposal of high-level radioactive waste are technically proven; the international consensus is that this should be deep geological disposal.
(more) http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf04.html
www.world-nuclear.org


Storage pond for used fuel at the Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant at the UK's Sellafield site
www.world-nuclear.org

Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF)
DWPF treats the highly radioactive material by mixing a sand-like borosilicate glass (called "frit") with the waste. The waste/frit mixture is then sent to the plant’s 65-ton steel and ceramic melter. In the melter, electricity is used to heat the mixture to nearly 2,100 degrees Fahrenheit until molten. This molten glass-waste mixture is poured into stainless steel canisters to cool and harden.
Each canister is 10 feet tall and 2 feet in diameter; it takes approximately 24 hours to fill one canister. A filled DWPF canister weighs about 5,000 pounds. The exterior of each canister is blasted with frit to remove contamination, then welded shut using a current of 250,000 amps applied for 1.5 seconds, while 80,000 pounds of force simultaneously rams a plug into place. The resulting weld is as strong as the three-eighths-inch thick stainless steel canister itself.
Scientists have long considered the glassification process, called "vitrification," as the preferred option for immobilizing high-level radioactive liquids into a more stable, manageable form until a federal repository is ready.
www.srs.gov
www.srs.gov

Spent Nuclear Fuel: A Trash Heap Deadly for 250,000 Years or a Renewable Energy Source?
Nuclear waste is either a millennia's worth of lethal garbage or the fuel of future nuclear reactors--or both
www.scientificamerican.com
www.scientificamerican.com